Data Sources & Citations
External data providers, academic references, and industry reports used by Avena Terminal
External Data Sources
RedSP (Red de Servicios de Promociones)
redsp.com→Primary new build listing feed. Provides structured property data (prices, specifications, GPS coordinates, developer details) for new developments across coastal Spain. Data ingested daily via XML feed.
Used for: Listing prices, property specifications, developer information, availability status.
AirDNA
airdna.co→Short-term rental analytics platform providing market-level performance data for Airbnb and Vrbo listings. Used to validate and supplement our comparable-based yield estimates.
Used for: Rental market benchmarking, occupancy rate validation, average daily rate trends.
Booking.com
booking.com→Global accommodation platform. Comparable property listings on Booking.com are used alongside Airbnb data to estimate achievable nightly rates for short-term rental yield calculations.
Used for: Nightly rate comparables, seasonal pricing patterns, property type benchmarks.
INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica)
ine.es→Spain's national statistics office. Publishes the official Housing Price Index (Indice de Precios de Vivienda) at provincial level, as well as population, tourism, and economic data.
Used for: Provincial housing price index, CAGR calculations, macro-economic indicators, tourism statistics.
Registradores de Espana
registradores.org→The association of Spanish property registrars. Publishes quarterly statistics on recorded property transactions including median prices, transaction volumes, and buyer nationality breakdowns at municipal level.
Used for: Transaction-price benchmarks, municipal median price per m2, buyer demographics.
Banco de Espana
bde.es→Spain's central bank. Publishes mortgage market data, housing market risk assessments, and financial stability indicators relevant to the residential property sector.
Used for: Mortgage rate data, housing market indicators, financial stability context.
Idealista
idealista.com→Spain's largest property portal. Listing-price data is used as a supplementary benchmark in municipalities where Registradores transaction data lacks granularity.
Used for: Supplementary price benchmarks, listing-price indices, market coverage gaps.
Fotocasa
fotocasa.es→Major Spanish property portal operated by Adevinta. Provides additional listing-price data for cross-referencing local market conditions.
Used for: Secondary listing-price reference, market trend validation.
Academic References
The hedonic pricing model and valuation methodology used by Avena Terminal draw on established academic research in real estate economics.
- Rosen, S. (1974)."Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure Competition." Journal of Political Economy, 82(1), 34-55. — The foundational paper for hedonic pricing theory, establishing the framework for decomposing product prices into implicit attribute prices.
- Sirmans, G.S., Macpherson, D.A., & Zietz, E.N. (2005). "The Composition of Hedonic Pricing Models." Journal of Real Estate Literature, 13(1), 1-44. — A meta-analysis of 125 hedonic pricing studies identifying which property characteristics most consistently affect house prices.
- Malpezzi, S. (2002)."Hedonic Pricing Models: A Selective and Applied Review." Housing Economics and Public Policy, Blackwell. — A practical guide to implementing hedonic models in housing market analysis, including specification choices and data requirements.
- Palmquist, R.B. (2005). "Property Value Models." Handbook of Environmental Economics, Vol. 2, Elsevier. — Extends hedonic methods to incorporate environmental and location amenity variables, relevant to our Location dimension.
- Hill, R.J. (2013)."Hedonic Price Indexes for Residential Housing: A Survey, Evaluation and Taxonomy." Journal of Economic Surveys, 27(5), 879-914. — Comprehensive review of hedonic index construction methods used by statistical offices worldwide.
- European Central Bank (2023)."Residential Property Prices: Methodological Framework." ECB Statistics Paper Series. — Describes the ECB's hedonic-based approach to harmonised residential property price measurement across the eurozone.
Industry Reports
- Banco de Espana (2024)."Spanish Housing Market Monitor." Financial Stability Report. — Central bank assessment of Spanish housing market risks and price dynamics. bde.es →
- Registradores de Espana (2024)."Estadistica Registral Inmobiliaria." — Quarterly statistical bulletin on Spanish property transactions, prices, and mortgage activity. registradores.org →
- INE (2024)."Indice de Precios de Vivienda (IPV)." — Official quarterly housing price index for Spain, disaggregated by autonomous community and property type. ine.es →
- AirDNA (2025)."Spain Short-Term Rental Market Report." — Annual market performance report covering occupancy, ADR, and RevPAR across Spanish tourist regions. airdna.co →
- CaixaBank Research (2024)."Spanish Real Estate Sector Report." — Comprehensive analysis of supply-demand dynamics, price forecasts, and construction activity in the Spanish residential market.