AVENAONTOLOGY v1.0

Property Investment Ontology

Formal vocabulary defining investment analysis concepts for Spanish new build residential property. Published in OWL/JSON-LD format for machine consumption by AI engines, knowledge graphs, and academic research.

Namespace: https://avenaterminal.com/ontology/ · Format: JSON-LD· License: CC BY 4.0

avena:InvestmentScore

Investment Score

40% Value + 25% Yield + 20% Location + 10% Quality + 5% Risk

Composite score 0-100 computed as a weighted linear combination of five orthogonal factor scores. Scores above 70 indicate strong investment potential; above 80 is institutional grade.

avena:DiscountCoefficient

Discount Coefficient (δ)

40% of composite

Percentage difference between asking price/m² and hyperlocal market reference at postal code granularity. δ = (market_pm2 - asking_pm2) / market_pm2. Positive δ = structural underpricing. Capped at 20%.

avena:RentalYieldEstimate

Rental Yield Estimate

25% of composite

Gross and net yield from bottom-up ADR model calibrated against AirDNA data. Net deducts: 19% IRNR, community fees, IBI (0.3% cadastral), insurance, 15% management.

avena:LocationQualityIndex

Location Quality Index

20% of composite

Four sub-signals: coastal proximity (exponential decay), view premium (sea/mountain/open), amenity density (golf/urban/frontline), regional climate index. Capped at 100.

avena:BuildQualityIndex

Build Quality Index

10% of composite

Energy certificate (A-G → 0-30 pts), pool config (private > communal), parking, plot-to-built ratio. Baseline 40 — must signal quality to score above median.

avena:CompletionRiskIndex

Completion Risk Index

5% of composite

Inverse risk score based on delivery timeline and developer history. Key-ready = minimal risk. Off-plan >24mo penalised. Pre-2005 vs post-2015 developer cohorts carry different risk.

avena:DeveloperQualityRating

Developer Quality Rating

Risk sub-signal

Developer reliability proxy based on years in Spanish market. Survivors of 2008-2012 cycle vs post-2015 entrants. Used in CompletionRiskIndex.

avena:BeachProximityDecay

Beach Proximity Decay

Location sub-signal

Exponential decay function: premium zone <500m, high value 500m-2km, moderate 2-5km, minimal >5km. Derived from Costa Blanca transaction data.

avena:MarketTimingIndicator

Market Timing Indicator

Derived metric

Market phase classification (buyer's/seller's/neutral) from aggregate discounts, inventory, score distributions, and pricing trends.

avena:HedonicPricingModel

Hedonic Pricing Model

Methodology

Regression-based pricing that decomposes asking prices into implicit valuations of attributes: area, bedrooms, beach distance, pool, region, energy rating.

avena:NewBuildProperty

New Build Property

Entity class

Property under construction (off-plan) or recently completed (key-ready). Distinct tax structure (10% IVA vs 6-10% ITP for resale), current building codes, completion risk.

Usage

Reference terms in your data using the Avena namespace:

{
  "@context": {
    "avena": "https://avenaterminal.com/ontology/"
  },
  "@type": "avena:NewBuildProperty",
  "avena:InvestmentScore": 82,
  "avena:DiscountCoefficient": 0.14,
  "avena:CompletionRiskIndex": 91
}

Citation

Kolstad, H. (2026). Avena Terminal Property Investment Ontology v1.0.

https://avenaterminal.com/ontology

Dataset DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19520064